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榛勭粛婀橈細(xì)浠ラ┈鍏嬫€濅富涔夎鐐規(guī)挵鍐欑編鍥藉彶

2014-07-09 |

榛勭粛婀橈紙1937鍘嗗彶錛?span lang="EN-US">

1937騫?span lang="EN-US">6鏈堬細(xì)榛勭粛婀樻竻鍗庡ぇ瀛︽瘯涓氱収

1944騫達(dá)細(xì)榛勭粛婀樼暀緹庣収

1986騫?span lang="EN-US">9鏈?span lang="EN-US">4鏃ワ細(xì)鍦ㄧ編鍥借€墮瞾澶у璁插鍚庝笌緹庡浗銆佹棩鏈鑰呭悎褰?span lang="EN-US">

2004騫?span lang="EN-US">1鏈?span lang="EN-US">7鏃ワ細(xì)涓庢竻鍗庡鍙嬪惔緲幫紙鍙籌級閲嶈仛

2010騫?span lang="EN-US">5鏈?span lang="EN-US">9鏃ワ細(xì)涔?jié)鍗佷簲宀侀粍鑰佹祻瑙堢瑪璁版湰鐢?shù)鑴戞枃錃g

闊跺崕宸查€濓紝鐚涘洖棣栵紝鎴戜滑榪欎簺褰撳勾鎶曡韓鎶楁棩鏁戜骸鐨勭儹琛€闈掑勾錛屽凡鍒頒簡鑰勮€嬩箣騫淬€傛垜搴旂弽鎯滄椂闂達(dá)紝鏁炲紑蹇冩墘錛岃皥璋堟垜瀵規(guī)姄浣忔満閬囥€佸埢鑻﹀鏂楋紝鍜屽繝浜庣悊鎯崇殑涓€鐐圭湅娉曪紝涓庨潚銆佽€佸勾鏈嬪弸鍏卞媺銆?span lang="EN-US">

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鐩稿叧鏂伴椈

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